Lamivudine

HIV has transitioned to a chronic disease in which well-treated persons remain at higher risk for heart disease when compared to the general population. Statin medications have been shown to reduce the number of events related to heart disease, but there are still individuals who will have complications from heart disease despite statin use. This study is being conducted to determine whether adding on another medication to statins called eplerenone, which has been shown to reduce inflammation in the heart vasculature among persons with HIV, can further decrease the risk of heart disease in HIV through its anti-inflammatory and blood pressure-lowering potential.

This study tests whether a medicine called ixazomib is safe for people living with HIV, and whether it can wake up HIV that is hiding in the body so the immune system and treatment can reach it. HIV can stay hidden inside cells even when antiretroviral therapy (ART) keeps the virus under control. These hidden cells are called the HIV reservoir, and they are the reason HIV is not cured by ART alone. Laboratory research suggests ixazomib may reactivate hidden HIV and also help kill the cells that carry it. Ixazomib is already approved to treat a cancer called multiple myeloma and has been given to a smaller group of people with HIV in an earlier study. About 45 adults with HIV that is well controlled on ART will take part. Participants are assigned by chance to take either ixazomib or a placebo - a capsule with no active medicine - one capsule by mouth once a week for a total of 25 doses. Two out of every three participants receive ixazomib and one out of three receives placebo. Neither participants nor the study staff know which one a participant is taking. Everyone continues their own HIV treatment throughout the study. Participation lasts about 7 months: 24 weeks of weekly capsules and 4 more weeks of follow-up after the last dose. Participants come to the clinic for about 14 visits, and take their capsule 24 to 36 hours before each visit so blood samples can show the effect of the dose. The main purposes of the study are to evaluate whether ixazomib is safe and tolerable, and to measure whether it increases the very small amounts of HIV in the blood compared with placebo. The study also measures the size of the HIV reservoir and how the immune system responds.

Among adults with chronic illnesses like hypertension, diabetes, or HIV, adherence to daily oral medications is essential but often below 50%. Why do medication adherence and preventive health service engagement remain stubbornly low? Scarcity theory offers a novel explanation in the context of poverty. It posits that economic hardship imposes a cognitive burden that shifts attention from long-term goals to immediate needs, reduces future orientation (the relative value placed on immediate vs. future outcomes), and limits mental bandwidth (the cognitive resources needed for decisions), thus undermining behaviors like daily medication adherence and service engagement. To address these gaps, the study's objective is to rigorously test whether and how economic scarcity affects medication adherence and preventive service uptake among older adults with chronic disease, leveraging the naturally occurring monthly fluctuation in scarcity created by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit cycle as a natural experiment. There are three aims: 1. Daily medication adherence will be measured objectively for four months with wireless electronic pill bottle caps (CleverCaps). The investigators will test whether, when, and by how much adherence changes as scarcity fluctuates during the SNAP benefit cycle. 2. The investigators will conduct two easily implementable RCTs to test whether scarcity affects participants' engagement with beneficial services requiring navigation of administrative burdens. In one trial, participants will be randomized to receive an invitation during either a high- or low- scarcity period (i.e., before vs. after SNAP receipt) to a personalized preventive health review that identifies gaps in US Preventive Services Task Force Grade A/B recommendations. In the second, participants will be invited to free financial counseling provided by the City of Philadelphia during a high- or low-scarcity period. The investigators hypothesize invitation response rates will be \>15% higher during low-scarcity periods. 3. Potential mechanisms that link scarcity with health behaviors will be examined by randomizing timing of validated measures of mental bandwidth and future orientation during a period of high- or low-scarcity (i.e., before vs. after SNAP receipt). The investigators hypothesize that there will be differences in several measures between participants who are randomly assessed during high- vs. low-scarcity periods (i.e. before vs. after SNAP receipt). Impact: Demonstrating that scarcity helps to explain low medication adherence and beneficial health-related service uptake can inform patient-centered adherence interventions, clinical care-delivery approaches, health-system strategies, and public health approaches to improve these health behaviors and promote healthy aging.

The goal of this pilot clinical trial is to learn whether auricular point acupressure (APA) can help reduce chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults age 50 and older who are living with HIV. The study will also examine whether APA is feasible, acceptable, and safe for this population. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does APA reduce chronic musculoskeletal pain and improve sleep and quality of life? Is APA feasible, acceptable, and safe for older people living with HIV? Researchers will compare true APA, in which small seeds are taped to specific ear points related to pain, with sham APA, in which seeds are taped to ear points not related to pain. The intervention will last 4 weeks. Participants will: Receive true APA or sham APA for 4 weeks Visit the study site weekly for placement of the ear seeds Press the ear seeds for 3 minutes, 3 times each day Complete daily surveys about pain and pain medication use Use a sleep monitor to track sleep Complete study assessments at the beginning and end of the intervention Complete an exit interview about their experience with APA

Cigarette smoking is an important cause of illness and death among persons with HIV (PWH). This project will study the impact of adding contingency management (use of financial rewards) to receiving medications and counseling on promoting smoking abstinence and other health outcomes among PWH. As treatments will be provided by clinical pharmacists and other team members in HIV clinics, factors relevant for implementing this model to inform real-world practice will also be evaluated.

This study uses a rapid randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to examine HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivered through telehealth. This study will develop a knowledge base of small, effective changes to digital messaging and website design to improve telemedicine PrEP (telePrEP) provision for MISTR users in the United States.

The goal of this interventional clinical trial is to test an an app, PL4Y, installed on a mobile smartphone to see if it can help participants aged 18-29 years who have HIV achieve success with their HIV care and feel supported by their clinic community. The first 6 months will be standard of care, after which participants will continue to meet virtually with their health care providers and will also be provided with and taught how to use the app. The standard of care clinic visits will continue as before and virtual visits using the app will be started and continue for abot 18 months. Adherence to medications Appointment reminders Provide secure communication with providers Provide a support group in \[describe participant population/primary condition; could include any of the following: sex/gender, age groups, healthy volunteers\]. The main question\[s\] it aims to answer \[is/are\]: \[primary hypothesis or outcome measure 1\]? \[primary hypothesis or outcome measure 2\]? If there is a comparison group: Researchers will compare \[arm information\] to see if \[insert effects\]. Participants will \[describe the main tasks participants will be asked to do, interventions they'll be given and use bullets if it is more than 2 items\].

The project is a pragmatic, quasi-experimental hybrid type II effectiveness-implementation trial of a structural HIV prevention intervention to address police behavior (arrests and referrals) and ultimately improve health among people who use drugs. The study involves a novel implementation strategy that engages behavioral health workers as "local champions" in the delivery of an evidence-based police education program (SHIELD training intervention). In addition to examining implementation outcomes, primary outcomes focus on assessing effectiveness of the intervention among police (specifically in reducing drug-related arrests and promoting referrals to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) treatment. The investigator's overarching effectiveness hypothesis is that after law enforcement organizations receive the SHIELD training intervention, the organizations will be more likely to refer people who use drugs to MOUD treatment and other health and social services, rather than arresting for low level possession offenses. The study will be conducted across different counties in Appalachian Kentucky.

People living with HIV (PLHIV) live longer because of modern HIV medicines, but even with these treatments, their bodies are more inflamed. Long term inflammation increases the risk of heart disease, chronic pain, lung disease, dementia, arthritis, and other infections. Because some anti-inflammatory medicines can cause serious side effects, interact with HIV drugs, or be costly, safer and more affordable treatment options are needed. Genistein is a natural compound found in soy foods. It is considered safe and has been shown to reduce inflammation and improve blood vessel health. This study will test whether genistein can lower inflammation in the blood, improve blood vessel health, and reduce pain in PLHIV.

Project SPACE is a micro-randomized trial evaluating the proximal effects theory-based text messages on alcohol use and sexual HIV risk behaviors among HIV-negative young adult men at the day-level. At baseline, all participants will complete GamePlan, an existing brief online sexual health program. During the subsequent 8-week intervention period, participants will complete a brief morning assessment of the preceding day and will be randomized each afternoon, with equal probability, to receive concrete ("how"), abstract ("why"), neutral control, or no afternoon intervention messages. Participants will also complete pre- and post-intervention measures. The effects of GamePlan are not being separately evaluated in this study.

Older gay and bisexual men living with HIV (OGBMLH) are more likely to experience depression and loneliness, which can lead to negative health outcomes. This mixed-methods research study will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the Bridge to Belonging (B2B) intervention. B2B is a peer-delivered, manualized program designed to increase engagement in LGBTQ+-affirming elder services and thereby reduce loneliness and depression among OGBMLH. The program utilizes a) cognitive behavioral therapy-based Friendship Enrichment Program (FEP) to build social skills; b) Peer Mentoring (PM) to model and support engagement in community services; and c) connecting participants to affirming elder services such as meal programs, bereavement groups, social activities, etc. Interventions like B2B are essential to the NIH's goal of improving access to behavioral interventions through advances in HIV/AIDS research.

This Phase 1 study will evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immune responses of investigational CH505 HIV vaccine regimens in adults in overall good health without HIV. Participants will receive CH505 protein nanoparticle vaccines (DV901-NP) formulated with the investigational adjuvant ACU-026-001-1, followed by either CH505 protein nanoparticle (DV902-NP) or CH505 mRNA vaccine boosters. The study will assess the ability of these regimens to induce HIV-specific immune responses, including B-cell responses associated with the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies. An immunology cohort will also evaluate how the location of booster vaccination affects immune responses.