Decoded Neurofeedback for Schizophrenia

(DecNef Trial)

This trial explores whether specialized neurofeedback training during MRI scans can reduce hallucinations, such as hearing voices, in people with schizophrenia. The treatment, called Decoded Neurofeedback, uses real-time brain pattern feedback to alter brain activity related to these symptoms. The trial includes two groups: one receiving neurofeedback targeting schizophrenia symptoms and a control group not specifically targeting these symptoms. Individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who experience frequent auditory hallucinations despite treatment and are on a stable dose of antipsychotic medication may be suitable for this study. As an unphased trial, this study offers a unique opportunity to contribute to innovative research that could lead to new ways of managing schizophrenia symptoms.

Research has shown that neurofeedback, a technique to help control brain activity, is generally safe for treating schizophrenia. Studies have found it can lessen symptoms like hallucinations and delusions without causing serious side effects. Most people tolerate it well, experiencing no major issues during treatment. While researchers continue to study neurofeedback, the evidence so far supports its safety in managing schizophrenia symptoms.¹²³⁴⁵

Most treatments for schizophrenia, like antipsychotic medications, aim to manage symptoms by altering chemical signals in the brain. But Decoded Neurofeedback offers a fresh approach by using a real-time fMRI technique to modulate brain activity directly through pattern-based neurofeedback. This method targets specific brain activation patterns, potentially inducing selective brain plasticity. Researchers are excited because this could lead to more personalized and precise symptom management, potentially reducing side effects associated with traditional medications.

Research has shown that neurofeedback, including a type called Decoded Neurofeedback, may help treat schizophrenia. In one study, 47 out of 48 participants improved after using neurofeedback, as indicated by their PANSS scores, which measure symptom severity. Another study found that combining neurofeedback with medication reduced both positive symptoms (like hallucinations) and negative symptoms (such as lack of motivation). In this trial, participants will receive either Active Decoded Neurofeedback, which targets brain activity patterns to potentially reduce hallucinations, or a Control condition that does not target schizophrenia symptoms. Overall, neurofeedback has proven effective for many symptoms, showing significant progress in treating schizophrenia.¹²³⁴⁶