Nesina

The TRANSITION-CGM trial will evaluate whether starting continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) before hospital discharge improves blood glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes compared with usual care using finger-stick blood glucose checks. The study focuses on the transition from hospital to home, when patients may face changes in diabetes medications and challenges managing their blood glucose levels. This single-center, randomized controlled trial will enroll approximately 218 adults with type 2 diabetes, a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 9% and above, and treatment with insulin and/or oral diabetes medications. Participants will be recruited during hospitalization and must be expected to return home after discharge. People already using a CGM will not be eligible. Participants will be randomly assigned in equal numbers to one of two groups. The CGM group will start using a continuous glucose monitor before discharge and receive device training and written instructions. The usual-care group will continue finger-stick blood glucose monitoring and receive standard discharge education. Both groups will receive assistance with outpatient diabetes follow-up. Diabetes medications will be managed by treating clinicians according to usual clinical practice. Participants will be followed for approximately 12 weeks after discharge, with an early follow-up encounter and a final assessment at 12 weeks. The primary outcome is HbA1c at 12 weeks, a blood test that reflects average blood glucose levels over approximately three months. Secondary outcomes include diabetes-related hospitalizations and episodes of low blood sugar. Additional exploratory measures include CGM use, follow-up attendance, patient-reported experiences, and time spent within the target glucose range when CGM data are available. The study will determine whether initiating CGM during hospitalization can improve glycemic control after discharge and provide preliminary evidence about its effects on diabetes-related hospitalizations and hypoglycemia.

A multicomponent implementation strategy bundle designed to improve Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) referral and utilization in rural primary care clinics. The initial bundle includes: (1) establishing electronic health record (EHR) referral systems, (2) creating patient face sheets for providers, (3) discussing DSMES referrals during clinician and staff implementation team meetings, and (4) developing DSMES-specific marketing materials and promotional activities.

The purpose of this clinical study is to find out which zenagamtide dose can be switched to, from maintenance dose of tirzepatide in people with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). All participants will get tirzepatide and zenagamtide.

The purpose of this pilot randomized trial is to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of a Diabetes Medical Nutrition Therapy (DM MNT) program for adults with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control receiving care in a large integrated health system. The study will assess implementation outcomes using the RE-AIM framework, as well as changes in glycemic control and other clinical outcomes, to inform potential broader implementation of MNT within routine diabetes care.

Among adults with chronic illnesses like hypertension, diabetes, or HIV, adherence to daily oral medications is essential but often below 50%. Why do medication adherence and preventive health service engagement remain stubbornly low? Scarcity theory offers a novel explanation in the context of poverty. It posits that economic hardship imposes a cognitive burden that shifts attention from long-term goals to immediate needs, reduces future orientation (the relative value placed on immediate vs. future outcomes), and limits mental bandwidth (the cognitive resources needed for decisions), thus undermining behaviors like daily medication adherence and service engagement. To address these gaps, the study's objective is to rigorously test whether and how economic scarcity affects medication adherence and preventive service uptake among older adults with chronic disease, leveraging the naturally occurring monthly fluctuation in scarcity created by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit cycle as a natural experiment. There are three aims: 1. Daily medication adherence will be measured objectively for four months with wireless electronic pill bottle caps (CleverCaps). The investigators will test whether, when, and by how much adherence changes as scarcity fluctuates during the SNAP benefit cycle. 2. The investigators will conduct two easily implementable RCTs to test whether scarcity affects participants' engagement with beneficial services requiring navigation of administrative burdens. In one trial, participants will be randomized to receive an invitation during either a high- or low- scarcity period (i.e., before vs. after SNAP receipt) to a personalized preventive health review that identifies gaps in US Preventive Services Task Force Grade A/B recommendations. In the second, participants will be invited to free financial counseling provided by the City of Philadelphia during a high- or low-scarcity period. The investigators hypothesize invitation response rates will be \>15% higher during low-scarcity periods. 3. Potential mechanisms that link scarcity with health behaviors will be examined by randomizing timing of validated measures of mental bandwidth and future orientation during a period of high- or low-scarcity (i.e., before vs. after SNAP receipt). The investigators hypothesize that there will be differences in several measures between participants who are randomly assessed during high- vs. low-scarcity periods (i.e. before vs. after SNAP receipt). Impact: Demonstrating that scarcity helps to explain low medication adherence and beneficial health-related service uptake can inform patient-centered adherence interventions, clinical care-delivery approaches, health-system strategies, and public health approaches to improve these health behaviors and promote healthy aging.

The purpose of this clinical study is to find out which zenagamtide dose can be switched to, from maintenance dose of semaglutide in people with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). All participants will get semaglutide and zenagamtide.

This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of petrelintide compared with placebo, in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity, for weight management in participants living with overweight or obesity and with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D).

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a school-based intervention, Operation ToneUp, can improve nutrition knowledge, fitness, and blood pressure in schoolchildren enrolled in grades 3-6. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Do students participating in the intervention show improved fitness, measured by upper body strength, core strength, and cardiovascular endurance? 2. Do students participating in the intervention show improved nutrition knowledge, measured by self-report? 3. Do students participating in the intervention show improved blood pressure, measured by blood pressure cuff? Researchers will compare students participating in the intervention to students at comparison schools to see if fitness, nutrition knowledge, and blood pressure differ. Participants in the intervention arm will complete two 20-minute web-based sessions focused on nutrition and fitness during class time. Participants in the comparison arm will not be exposed to Operation ToneUp. All participants will engage in pre- and post- testing including: * PE-teacher assessed push-ups, curl-ups, and PACER test * online self-reported nutrition knowledge assessments * nurse-recorded blood pressure

This 8-week randomized controlled pilot trial is to test the hypothesis that, compared to a Usual Diet control group, almond intake will increase vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) levels in the blood and improve diet quality (Healthy Eating Index) among people prescribed a glucagon-like peptide-1. Two groups of individuals will either: 1) consume a minimum of 56 grams of almonds each day, or 2) not consume almonds and follow their usual diet.

The goal of this clinical trial is to assess the potential benefits of integrating a video covering topics related to nutrition education, food literacy and type 2 diabetes into Seva Food Banks current programs (Culinary Training for Youth, Culinary Training for Newcomers, Cooking Classes for Seniors), to learn if integrating this video can reduce risk of type 2 diabetes by improving diet quality, nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among participants of the programs. The main question it aims to answer is: How does the integration of a nutrition education video covering topics related to food literacy and type 2 diabetes within Seva Food Bank's Culinary Training programs for youth, newcomers, and seniors influence participants' diet quality, nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors? Participants will: * Complete a baseline questionnaire before watching the educational video * Watch the nutrition education video * Complete a questionnaire at 2-weeks and again 1-month post-intervention to assess sustained effects and maintenance.

The goal of this study is to test a potentially easier method for measuring how much insulin a person is capable of producing than the current gold-standard method, the "hyperglycemic clamp." Participants will come in for a two-day (overnight) visit in which they will first undergo a "hyperglycemic clamp," in which they receive an intravenous (into the vein) infusion of glucose (sugar) in order to measure the maximum amount of insulin their body produces in response. They will then consume a series of three standardized meals throughout the rest of the day. At 23:00, they will take a single dose of alpelisib, a drug that interferes within insulin's actions in the body. Then, the following morning, they will undergo a "Mixed Meal Tolerance Test" in which they consume a standardized liquid nutritional beverage and have blood drawn periodically before and during the test.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will evaluate whether daily calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (calcium-HMB) plus vitamin D3 preserves muscle mass, physical function, and resting metabolism in adults aged 65 to 85 years with type 2 diabetes who are newly starting semaglutide as part of usual clinical care. Participants will receive calcium-HMB plus vitamin D3 or matching placebo for approximately 6 months. The primary outcome is change in appendicular lean mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry from baseline to month 6. Secondary assessments include body composition, muscle strength, physical performance, gait, physical activity, resting metabolic rate, metabolic measures, and whole-body quantitative computed tomography. An optional mechanistic substudy of up to 36 participants will include D3-creatine dilution, nonradioactive stable isotope infusions, repeated blood sampling, a standardized meal, breath sampling, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies at baseline and month 6.