Dietary Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes

(DG3D-Phase2 Trial)

This trial examines how different diets affect risk factors for type 2 diabetes in African American adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to follow one of three eating patterns: a Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern, a Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern, or a Vegetarian Eating Pattern. The researchers aim to determine which diet most effectively improves healthy eating habits and reduces diabetes risk factors. Ideal candidates have a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 49.9, identify as African American, live near Columbia, SC, and do not have major health issues like diabetes or thyroid conditions. As an unphased trial, this study provides a unique opportunity to contribute to significant research on diet and diabetes risk.

The trial information does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications. However, you cannot participate if you are currently taking weight loss medications.

Research shows that the eating patterns under study, such as the Mediterranean, U.S.-Style, and Vegetarian diets, are generally safe and easy for most people to follow. Studies have found that the Mediterranean diet can help control blood sugar and lower the risk of heart problems, including heart attacks.

The Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern emphasizes a balanced diet with vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins. Research suggests this approach can reduce unhealthy fat and sodium intake, leading to better overall health.

For the Vegetarian diet, studies indicate it can lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and is associated with lower blood sugar levels and fewer diabetes-related health issues.

Researchers are excited about these dietary interventions for Type 2 Diabetes because they offer a personalized approach to managing the condition through diet. Unlike standard treatments that often focus on medication like metformin or insulin to control blood sugar levels, these diets emphasize natural food patterns that can potentially improve overall health. The Mediterranean diet stands out for its higher intake of fruits and seafood, promoting heart health. The Vegetarian diet boosts plant-based protein and fiber intake, which can aid in weight management and glucose control. Meanwhile, the Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern offers a balanced mix of typical American foods, ensuring a well-rounded nutrient intake. These diverse dietary approaches could lead to an innovative, non-pharmacological strategy for managing Type 2 Diabetes.

This trial will compare three dietary interventions for managing type 2 diabetes: the Mediterranean diet, the Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern, and the Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern. Research has shown that the Mediterranean diet, one of the diets tested in this trial, can lower blood sugar levels and improve heart health in people with type 2 diabetes. Studies have found that following this diet may reduce the risk of developing diabetes by up to 23%. The Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern, another diet under study, links to healthier eating habits, such as consuming less unhealthy fats and salt, which can help manage diabetes. For the Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern, also tested in this trial, research indicates it can improve blood sugar control and aid in weight loss, both important for managing diabetes. All three diets have shown potential benefits for those with type 2 diabetes.²⁶⁷⁸⁹