Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cocaine Use Disorder

This trial seeks new ways to assist individuals with Cocaine Use Disorder (CocUD) using High Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique. The treatment aims to enhance cognitive function, including skills like attention and memory, which can be impaired in heavy cocaine users. The trial will test two different brain placements of the treatment to determine the most effective approach. Suitable candidates for this trial include those with moderate or severe CocUD and a positive cocaine urine test who wish to reduce their cocaine use. As an unphased trial, this study provides a unique opportunity to explore innovative treatment options for CocUD.

Previous studies have shown promising safety results for high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) in humans. Specifically, when applied to the right side of the brain's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), HD-tDCS reduced risk-taking behavior, indicating it is well-tolerated by the brain.

For the left side of the DLPFC, studies found an increase in risk-taking behavior. While this doesn't directly relate to safety, it demonstrates that the brain's response can differ. Importantly, no serious side effects were reported, indicating it is generally safe.

Researchers are excited about High Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) for cocaine use disorder because it offers a non-invasive and targeted approach to brain stimulation. Unlike traditional treatments like behavioral therapy and medications, which work on the whole brain or body, HD-tDCS specifically targets the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a brain area involved in decision-making and impulse control. This precision could potentially reduce cravings and improve self-control more effectively. The treatment's non-invasive nature also means fewer side effects, making it a promising alternative for individuals seeking help with cocaine addiction.

Research suggests that high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) might help people with substance use issues, such as cocaine addiction, by reducing cravings. In this trial, participants will receive HD-tDCS targeting either the right or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Studies have found that stimulating the right DLPFC with tDCS can decrease cocaine use and cravings. Specifically, one study showed moderate improvement in reducing drug use and cravings with this method. Conversely, stimulating the left DLPFC might affect behavior differently, possibly increasing risk-taking. Overall, HD-tDCS appears promising for reducing cravings and enhancing thinking skills in people with substance use problems, although results can vary from person to person.¹⁶⁷⁸⁹