Psilocybin + Cognitive Training for Alzheimer's Disease

This trial examines whether a combination of mental exercises and psilocybin (a compound from certain mushrooms) can enhance brain function in older adults. The goal is to determine if these treatments improve memory, attention, and thinking. Participants will engage in mental exercises either alone or with psilocybin capsules. Ideal candidates are individuals aged 65 and older with mild memory issues or in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Healthy older adults with normal brain function are also needed. As a Phase 2 trial, this research focuses on assessing the treatment's effectiveness in an initial, smaller group of people.

Research has shown that psilocybin, a substance found in certain mushrooms, is generally safe for older adults, including those with mild memory problems and early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Early findings suggest that psilocybin could be a treatment option without major safety issues. Most reported side effects were mild and temporary, such as headaches or nausea, which are common with many oral medications.

In studies with healthy older adults, psilocybin did not harm cognitive abilities and even improved skills like switching between different ideas, both in the short and long term. The safety results showed no serious negative effects on memory or overall health.

Researchers are excited about the combination of psilocybin and cognitive training for Alzheimer's disease because it offers a novel approach to treatment. Unlike current options that primarily focus on managing symptoms through medications like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, psilocybin targets the brain's serotonin receptors, potentially enhancing neuroplasticity and cognitive function. Additionally, the integration of cognitive training aims to bolster this effect by engaging and stimulating the brain. This innovative combination could offer a more holistic and effective way to support cognitive health in Alzheimer's patients.

This trial will compare cognitive training alone with cognitive training plus psilocybin in both early-stage Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and normal cognition populations. Research has shown that psilocybin might enhance brain flexibility, allowing for easier transitions between different thoughts. In one study, participants who took psilocybin demonstrated improved thinking and brain flexibility for at least four weeks afterward. This finding suggests that psilocybin could enhance thinking and memory in older adults. It has also been found to increase emotional understanding, potentially boosting overall mental health. However, some studies have noted that psilocybin might temporarily affect skills like attention and decision-making. Overall, psilocybin appears promising for brain health, but its effects can vary.¹⁶⁷⁸⁹