Cannabis for Opioid Use Disorder

This trial aims to explore how cannabis can assist individuals with opioid use disorder by easing withdrawal symptoms, altering opioid effects, and ensuring safety. Researchers will administer both oral and inhaled cannabis to assess its impact. Participants will reside at the University of Kentucky Hospital for approximately six weeks. This trial targets individuals with moderate to severe opioid use disorder who experience withdrawal upon ceasing opioid use. As a Phase 1 trial, the research focuses on understanding how the treatment works in people, offering participants the opportunity to be among the first to receive this new treatment.

Research has shown that using cannabis for opioid use disorder involves certain risks and yields mixed results. Studies have found that cannabis does not enhance the quality of life or reduce hospital visits for individuals with opioid use disorder. Some research even suggests that cannabis users might be more likely to continue or start using opioids later.

Cannabis, especially in large amounts, can impair thinking and memory and may increase the risk of addiction. These side effects are important to consider when evaluating cannabis as a treatment option.

Researchers are excited about using cannabis for opioid use disorder because, unlike traditional treatments like methadone or buprenorphine, cannabis offers a potentially new mechanism of action. Cannabis works on the body's endocannabinoid system, which may help reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms differently than opioids. This alternative approach could offer relief to patients who do not respond well to existing therapies. Additionally, using cannabis could provide a more natural treatment option with fewer side effects, making it an appealing choice for those seeking holistic alternatives.

Research suggests that cannabis might help people with opioid use disorder by easing withdrawal symptoms, reducing cravings, and lowering anxiety. One study found that 73% of medical cannabis users either stopped or reduced their opioid use. Another study showed that people using cannabis for chronic pain reduced their opioid use by 40-60%. However, not all research agrees; some studies found no major impact on quality of life or relapse rates. Overall, while there are hopeful signs, the effectiveness of cannabis for treating opioid use disorder remains under investigation. Participants in this trial will receive either active oral cannabis or placebo oral cannabis to further explore these potential benefits.²⁶⁷⁸⁹